Evolution of Dogs
Over the past century, there have been changes in the breeds of dogs. In the early 1900s, dogs were selectively bred for their hunting and herding abilities, often combining both talents, resulting in a quicker completion of tasks than their modern counterparts. While some breeds have remained relatively unchanged, the transformation of certain breeds over time is intriguing. Our aim is to compile a list of dog breeds that have undergone physical changes over the past century and observe the evolution of our beloved canine companions.
Pug
When someone imagines a pug, the initial thought is of its eyes that are at a distance and its snout that is flat. Nevertheless, it could be unexpected information to hear that these characteristics were not originally present in this breed of dog.
As per the theory of evolution, cross-breeding with other dogs resulted in the development of these features in the breed, which some believe to have taken place in China as early as 1000 A.D. or even earlier. The previous pugs had a unique snout which was small in size. In the present times, pugs have a dissimilar appearance compared to their ancestors and endure respiratory and other health problems.
Bull Terriers
Throughout history, Bull Terriers have maintained their robust and brawny appearance, although the breed’s physical features have evolved. In their early days, they had broader, shorter skulls, while their jaws and the bridge of their nose grew bigger. This led to more noticeable folds in their skin and more sagging jowls. The current version, on the other hand, has a narrower and longer head with minimal wrinkles on their face. Furthermore, the modern Bull Terrier is somewhat leaner around the waist area than their predecessors.
Presently, this dog is selectively bred for athleticism and is not at all suited for a sedentary lifestyle. They showcase their competitive spirit through participation in obedience contests or by excelling in agility races. In addition, they also make great show dogs. These dogs are known for their exceptional intelligence and high level of activity, making them one of the most agile breeds around.
Irish Setter
Over the course of the past century, Irish Setters have become more robust, probably as a result of breeders choosing physical characteristics that are currently desirable. The alterations in appearance may also be attributed to the fact that this breed was developed by combining various other breeds, such as the English Pointer, the Gordon Setter, and the Tweed Water Spaniel.
One possible interpretation could be that Irish Setters were initially developed to pursue smaller animals such as hares, rabbits, and foxes, which necessitated greater stamina than physical strength. Nowadays, they are frequently employed for hunting larger animals such as deer or wild boar, which necessitates greater physical power rather than endurance. Additionally, their thick coat serves as a shield against severe weather.
West Highland White Terrier
Over the past century, West Highland White Terriers have undergone changes. They now have longer fur and thicker coats compared to their ancestors. They were originally bred for the purpose of hunting rats and foxes.
The contemporary types of West Highland White Terriers have a fun-loving personality, but may be resistant to following orders if trained using the clicker technique. Westies tend to be between 11 to 16 pounds in weight and 10 to 12 inches in height. Although mostly white-haired, some are born with blue or purple eyes. On average, the lifespan of modern Westies is around 12-14 years.
Old English Sheepdog
Back in 1884, the Old English Sheepdog had a more unkempt appearance and a narrower snout. In contrast, these days they appear much tidier and have a wider, deeper snout which enhances their ability to manage sheep.
In 1886, the breed was also acknowledged by the American Kennel Club. The weight of this breed is around 55-65 pounds, with females weighing more than males. On average, they live for 12-14 years, but some can live up to 16 years or beyond. It is clear that over the years, Sheepdogs have undergone evolution and have become more charming than before.
Basset Hound
During the last century, Basset Hounds have undergone significant alterations in their physical characteristics. They now possess shorter legs as well as shortened distance from their elbows to paws. Additionally, their ears have gained a significant increase in length and are positioned higher on their heads.
Basset Hounds are commonly affected by a condition called back-swamp or sloping syndrome, which can make it hard for them to breathe. This disorder is caused by their elongated soft palate, which alters the angle of their tongue to the hyoid bone. It’s clear that this breed of dog has undergone significant changes throughout the years.
Dachshund
Over the years, there has been a noticeable change in the physical characteristics of Dachshunds. In the past, they had a boxy-shaped body with a short chest and legs. Their hind legs were longer than their front legs, and they had a slender face. However, these days, Dachshunds have a longer body and face with shorter hind legs and a slightly wider chest.
Despite variations in their physical features, modern-day Dachshunds have retained their inherent quality as lovable and affectionate pet dogs, which they have been known for since their emergence in the 1700s. Throughout history, Dachshunds have been a favored breed among people, especially those with children, due to their friendly disposition and impressive intelligence. They thrive in the company of others and make for ideal companions.
Dobermann
In the past, Dobermanns were known to be intimidating, sturdy, and forceful dogs. However, in the last hundred years, there has been a significant transformation in their appearance. Nowadays, Dobermanns appear to have a sleeker physique and droopy ears. Apart from changing physically, Dobermanns are no longer as fierce as they once were.
The initial feature that catches your attention regarding this dog is its attractive fur. Although it was originally black, it now has white spots that add to its shine. The Dobermann breed was first created during the 1880s by merging different pinscher and terrier breeds. Even though they still have some dark markings on their paws and head, their resemblance to Pinscher breeds has significantly decreased. As they were also bred for appearance, their teeth have become smaller, their muzzles have shortened, and their head shape has become slimmer.
Newfoundland
Initially, Newfoundland was not a distinct breed of dogs when they were first bred. But now, it has transformed into a completely unique animal from what it used to be. Presently, they are more prevalent and have increased in weight up to 150 pounds, which has significantly grown from 100 pounds a century ago.
The Newfoundlands are not just huge in size, but they are also affectionate, gentle, and devoted, which makes them an ideal choice as family pets. Dogs have been bred carefully for numerous generations in order to cater to the shifting preferences and requirements of humans, but hardly any breed has experienced such extreme transformations in their physical features in the past century as the Newfies.
German Shepherd
It was essential for these dogs to go through an evolutionary process that enabled them to survive comfortably in various climates. However, their appearance has significantly transformed, and they are now more massive, with denser and longer hair, a more extensive chest, and broader feet that are not as visible due to the fur.
One of the significant reasons for the transformation was the evolution of the German Shepherd breed, which became proficient in tasks beyond sheep herding. European and Russian shepherds began employing them as watchdogs, while in China, they were utilized to protect livestock from wolves. These responsibilities demanded a dog that could confront danger without backing down, which was not possible for the earlier variants of German Shepherds.
Scottish Terrier
In the last century, the fur of Scottish Terriers has significantly increased in length and changed in texture. This longer, fuller coat is more durable against dirt and water, thanks to its increased volume. The once tight, curly hair has become looser and more expansive, ensuring better coverage. Furthermore, the tail has become less bushy and shortened.
Their coats went through significant changes during two specific developmental phases. The initial phase occurred during a time when resources were scarce, and they required better protection from dirt as they worked in coal mines.
Rottweiler
What do you associate with a Rottweiler? Is it their size or their compact legs? The Rottweiler has undergone significant changes over the last century, losing many of its signature traits. They no longer have a docked tail, and their build is often more robust and muscular. Additionally, their coat is now tougher, thicker, and shorter than it used to be.
The ears of the dog remain the same but appear shorter and have more defined angles, resulting in a distinct change in the dog’s head from before. Additionally, the eyes are now positioned closer to the dog’s face in comparison to their previous position. These modifications may be attributed to breeding for exhibition traits rather than functional abilities, as working dogs tend to possess longer, fluffier, and smoother coat types.
Airedale Terrier
The Airedale Terrier is ranked among the best dog breeds. Originally, it had a wiry coat but now has a longer face with shaggier fur. Over time, the breed has become heavier and gained more weight since the 1900s. The texture of their coat has changed as well; it is now smoother and shorter, reducing the likelihood of shedding.
Additional modifications involve a reduced snout and narrower rear end, while their stature remains consistent at approximately 20-22 inches tall. Additionally, their demeanor has shifted from playful and autonomous to more subservient and reliant. While they still relish outdoor activities, they are also capable of being content inside when necessary.
Shetland Sheepdog
Over the course of a century, the Shetland sheepdog, a favored breed in the United States, has undergone significant changes. It is now much larger and has much longer fur than it did in its earliest days. Historically, these dogs were native to Scotland and could fit comfortably on a ship’s deck, where they would entertain sailors. They have since been bred with larger breeds like Collies and Rough-coated Collies in order to increase their size.
These dogs were first covered in lengthy fur, but now have a coarse exterior coat and droopy tendrils that extend beyond their eyes. Their initial purpose was to assist in rounding up livestock, but nowadays they are mostly cherished as cute companions. It takes a while for this breed to fully mature, with an average weight of 25 pounds and height of 16 inches.
Boxer
Over the past century, the physical appearance of the Boxer breed of dogs has undergone some modifications. Notably, their hind legs have become smaller in size, imparting greater aerodynamic ability. Additionally, their heads have proportionately decreased, and their facial structure is now shorter.
They have a muscular build, but not bulky or heavy looking, with a square muzzle and powerful jaw. Their coat can be fawn, brindle, solid white, or black. They’re known for having outgoing personalities. They need moderate daily exercise, like long walks on a leash or jogging alongside you while pulling a cart because. It’s essential for them to use up all that energy they have!
Great Dane
The Great Dane, also known as the German Mastiff, has increased in size in the last hundred years. With a weight of around 175 pounds and long legs, these dogs are muscular and strong. It’s not uncommon to see them pulling vehicles due to their large build.
Initially bred for hunting wild boar and other large game, they’ve now become loving family pets. Some people may be hesitant about adopting one because of the possible health issues that come with being so big, but most Great Danes live for about 10-12 years – which can be pretty lengthy for a dog.
Chow Chow
One breed that’s changed the most over the years is the Chow. They’re bigger and heavier than before, weighing around 75 pounds. Also, their face is more wrinkled and weathered, making them look older than they are. The dog used to be a hunting breed in China, but today it’s an agile companion dog.
It’s estimated that these dogs have existed for thousands of years, with stories about how it was first bred on farms in China for meat production in 3000 BC. The Chow is a dominant breed with fierce protective instincts.
Saluki
Salukis today are taller and thinner, with longer ears and longer legs. It can be the result of crossbreeding with Afghan Hounds and Pugs, which is quite popular in the United States. Salukis are more popular now than ever because of their appearance, but it’s essential to remember that they come with different temperaments and personalities too!
Salukis are often very independent dogs, so training may take some time if you don’t get started early enough. These animals will make great companions if adequately cared for, so get ready for a lifetime commitment!
Bulldog
Today’s Bulldog is much more wrinkled and droopy-faced than in years past, a breed-specific characteristic. It’s likely due to their evolving needs over the last century. Today’s bulldogs are also less likely to be brachycephalic (smushed nose) and have a much more relaxed body than their ancestors in the 1800s.
While the Bulldog has changed quite a bit since they first came on the scene, there’s been very little of that change from selective breeding done specifically for traits like wrinkling or droopiness. Both those features can be linked back to health complications for these dog breeds, as well as changes in lifestyle among humans who want an easier-going pet and more specifically what people might consider aesthetically pleasing.
St. Bernard
St. Bernard is a famous dog breed known for its loyalty and as a working, pulling dog. Over the past century, St. Bernards have changed in appearance to what we recognize them as today. In the 1880s, they were recognized by The American Kennel Club and began to change from larger work-type dogs to show dogs with more refined features.
They’ve grown bigger, and their faces are now flattened. Overall, they’re now strong and muscular. The long coat originally came in handy for tracking in snow which is no longer needed, so it evolved into more of an appearance feature than anything else.
Siberian Husky
Originally, they were bred to pull, race, and carry heavy loads as work dogs. Huskies are tough and resilient, with thick fur to protect them from cold climates and their double layer of fur makes them look almost round. The Siberian Husky is now more of an ideal family pet that thrives on human attention.
Today, they’re strongly built, muscular, and have thick coats to protect them from excessive cold. However, the Siberian Husky is strong enough for all activities, including running and pulling sleds.
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniels have changed dramatically over the last century. With breeding and specific breeding programs, they’re longer bodied, have shorter muzzles, and are generally much smaller than their ancestors. It can be seen with purebred Cocker Spaniels and Cockers, bred to be small.
Breeders these days do a lot of work with purebred dogs by crossing the Cocker Spaniel with another breed to make them smaller or create new colors and patterns not seen before. Their goal is to produce puppies that meet specific standards and make people happy when they look at them.
Poodle
Poodles were initially developed to be a cross between a poodle and a water dog like the Poodle’s ancestor, the Barbet. In their early years, Poodles often swam in packs pulling nets for fishermen in France. Today, Poodles are still hunters with a strong desire to go on walks and swim in lakes or streams.
However, as you can see from the photos, today’s Poodles are more elegant than their earlier self and has bigger poofy hair on their neck while they have curly whiskers on their face and curled-up toes on each foot. They also have chest markings and floppy ears that droop downward, giving them a more playful look.
Pomeranian
Pomeranian Dogs are seen today as the fuzzy and cuddly version of their ancestors, with dense coats, pointed ears, and a curved tail. These days, they’ve been bred to be smaller than in the past. They now weigh around 5-8 pounds instead of 15-20 pounds on average.
Their hair is usually soft, thick, and sometimes curly or wavy, with some dog breeds having long fur while others do not. Some people even like to show off their Pom’s snowy look by getting them groomed, so all their fur is evenly white or just trimmed down to leave some patches!
Labrador Retriever
It was in 1903 that the Labrador Retriever breed became official from a field trial of Newfoundland and flat-coated retrievers. Over the years, they’ve grown bigger and muscular and stand 23 to 24 inches high at the shoulder. Their popularity is due to their being gentle, intelligent, and kind.
Their large size makes them good working dogs (they can carry heavy loads), but they’re also good around children because they’re very friendly and patient. Many use them for various tasks such as hunting, search and rescue, law enforcement, and therapy work.
French Bulldog
French Bulldogs have changed considerably since their initial appearance. They used to have ears that were elongated and triangular in shape, but over the years, they’ve been bred for a more apple-headed look. The ears are broad at the base and round at the top.
Unlike many breeds, the muzzle of this breed is not long and thin. It’s wide, flat, and as short as possible to avoid chafing from collars or harnesses. Other features include shorter legs than other bulldogs, making them easier to pick up and carry around, and dark brown eyes with heavy eyebrows on either side of their face that give them an expression of perpetual sadness.
Yorkshire Terrier
Yorkshire Terriers have indeed evolved into a toy breed. They were initially bred to catch rats and mice, but now they make excellent companions because of their size and temperament. Yorkies are clever and curious, making them challenging to keep in the house; however, their spunky nature makes for an endearing companion animal for a busy family!
They’ve evolved into dogs that enjoy attention, so you’ll need plenty of time to give them affection. You might also want to invest in some dog toys – these pups don’t do too well when left alone for long periods of time.
Bearded Collies
Bearded Collies have changed dramatically over the years. Around a hundred years ago, they had short fur and were relatively small in size. Today, bearded collies are huge with beautiful coats that give them a unique appearance.
The coat has also become much longer than it used to be. The dogs also stand taller than their ancestors did. The Bearded Collie is now one of the most popular dog breeds in the US because of how it has changed over time.
Chinese Shar-Pei
Chinese Shar-Peis have prominent, broad wrinkles and a coat that’s rough to the touch. These days, their wrinkles spread over the upper body, and they have a wrinkled snout with large nostrils. The first Chinese Shar-Pei was bred in the 1920s and is still around today.
They make great guard dogs because of their unique appearance, which is like no other dog breed. They’re also good family pets who love kids and will greet them with drooling kisses when they come home from school. Besides being more wrinkly these days, Chinese Shar-Peis haven’t changed much over the years.
Whippet
At the turn of the century, whippets were bred to be hunters. They’re now leaner and more athletic. They’re the fastest dog in the world and have evolved and changed to fit an entirely different purpose. Now, they’re called racing dogs with a professional racing league. Over time, their weight has shrunk by at least 20 pounds!
Once considered on par with greyhounds for their speed, the modern-day whippet is much less heavy-set than its ancestors. The American Kennel Club describes them as sleek, slender dogs that weigh between 18 and 32 pounds and are between 28 inches and 40 inches long when fully grown.
Skye Terrier
Nowadays, many people with the time and space to care for a dog choose a terrier as the perfect pet. This dog is a descendant of a Scottish dog who was bred to hunt animals such as foxes, otters, and badgers.
They’re known as the Skye Terrier and are most often used as a companion these days. Their coat has become shorter. The Skye Terrier hasn’t changed much in other ways but is still enjoyed by many individuals, due to its charisma and intelligence.
Toy Poodle
When bred correctly, they stand no taller than 14 inches and can weigh anywhere from 8-12 pounds. The Toy Poodle often has a black nose and deep brown eyes. These days, they have long muzzles and wide ears on a triangular head.
Often seen wearing a long flowing coat that’s typically made up of thick curls in three different types: One is wavy curls on the body with the outer parts coming out straight. Another is curly hair with flat layers all around. The third is curly hair on the head, like a ring around it, with silky straight hair on the body.
Keeshond
Keeshonds today are a lot different from the ones in the 1800s. They’re now lighter, smaller, and have a huge coat that’s tough to manage. They were originally bred for fur hunting in northern Europe and Siberia, which may have led to their unique coats and small size.
The breed was accepted into the American Kennel Club in 1973 as part of the Nordic breed group. Today, they’re also popular as companion animals because of their friendly personality.
The English Springer Spaniel
Among all the dogs that have changed over the years, one breed is recognizable from its appearance: The English Springer Spaniel. This breed of dog has been around since the 1600s and used to be white with a short tail and black spots on their fur.
It has evolved into what we know today, including a light tan color and long hair hanging down their body. They’re also larger than they were in the past. They look more elegant and have a strong presence to attract attention.
American Cocker Spaniels
In the 1880s, cocker spaniels were described as a variety of small-sized hunting dogs that excelled at going to the ground for the game. They’re still considered excellent pointers and haven’t changed in that regard, but their shape has. Back then, they weighed 18-25 pounds and had wiry or curly coats.
Today’s American cocker spaniel can weigh up to 45 pounds with a glossy coat that comes in black, white, or brown variations. It’s believed that the size difference stems from breeding them to be companions instead of hunters.
The Great Pyrenees
The Great Pyrenees’ eyes have become slightly later and their ears have become more petite over time. They originally had a more wolf-like appearance. This is due to cross-breeding with English sheepdogs and Corgis, with the belief that they need more protection in the mountainous terrain of their native country, France.
An American breed variant has also developed with longer hair, making them better suited for colder climates. Today’s Great Pyrenees look much more like shepherds or retrievers than they used to. However, they’re still recognizably related to wolves and are very much like shepherd dogs. They also have some characteristics of herding breeds, such as Collies and Scottish Sheepdogs.
Ibizan Hounds
Historically, the Ibizan Hound has been hunted for more than 2,000 years as a staghound and rabbit-dog in Spain. Today, they are still considered to be one of the leading rabbit hunters in Europe. However, their size has shrunk considerably over the years due to centuries of selective breeding.
Today’s breed looks more like a Basset Hound or Beagle with its short legs, long ears, and flat face. While modern Ibizans may not look much like their ancestors, they’re just as determined when hunting rabbits.
Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
Cavalier King Charles Spaniels have changed quite a bit over the years regarding how they look and function. Before, they were regarded as lap dogs with flat faces and shorter legs.
Today, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are considered to be an ancient breed that doesn’t have any height limitations. They come with long legs that give them more balance on the ground. The end result is a much better-looking dog for an improved level of athleticism that you can walk for miles at a time!
Affenpinscher
Many breeds of dogs have changed over the last hundred years, particularly the Affenpinscher. Some people might not be familiar with this dog breed, but this was one of the first breeds ever to exist. Affenpinschers were originally bred to look and act like terriers, which is why they had very short bodies.
After years of breeding to try and get them to act like pet lapdogs and be more beautiful than they were previously, Affenpinschers have changed quite a bit. The Affenpinscher still has a shorter muzzle, and their ears stand on top of their head, but now these dogs weigh up to 22 pounds.
Tibetan Mastiff
The Tibetan Mastiff is one dog breed that has evolved to be quite different than when it originated. For many years, they were bred as fierce hunting dogs who could easily defend themselves from attackers.
Today, most of these animals are nothing like their original ancestors as they’ve become cuddly companions who love going for walks in the park or following around an owner like a giant lap dog.
German Pinscher
German Pinschers are medium-sized, powerful dogs that guard and watch over the property. The German Pinscher was first bred by hunters in the 1800s and has since evolved into a highly intelligent companion. Some of the physical changes over a hundred years include an increase in body size from 18 pounds to up to 45 pounds, larger and broader heads, wider chests, more space between their eyes, and sturdier paws for climbing trees and pulling large animals out of burrows.
German Pinschers also now have leaner bodies with longer legs for increased speed, as well as hairless patches on their faces so they can see clearly while hunting wild boars. These changes have been introduced through natural selection due to owners’ adaptation to their new environment or intentional breeding efforts.
Golden Retriever
These days, most people think of golden retrievers as medium-sized, light brown dogs with a face like an old person. However, the original Golden Retrievers were taller and looked like typical hunting dogs.
They had thin faces, long backs, and typically black coats. Most people believe these changes in appearance are because it’s less costly for breeders to work with their dogs by breeding them to be lighter in weight than before.
English Pointer
This breed was originally bred to find and point game birds. Now, they’re some of the smartest and most athletic canines on the planet. With an obsessive nature, they require constant human attention.
Those with them at home must be ready for quick training, or your pup could quickly become an unruly problem. The English Pointers of today don’t look like their counterparts from a century ago, as they’re smaller in size. This size difference prevents this canine from being used for long hunting expeditions and makes for a more mellow animal.
Norwegian Elkhound
One of the dog breeds that have changed over time is the Norwegian Elkhound. Today’s Norwegian Elkhound looks more like a fox and less like a bear. They used to have long fur with colors ranging from yellow to brownish-red or even white.
They also had a long head with a long muzzle, small, triangular-shaped ears, and droopy eyes. The Norwegian Elkhounds back then would weigh around 100 pounds on average, but today they can weigh up to 130 pounds. The Norwegian Elkhound was originally bred for hunting purposes, specifically elk, but today its primary use is as a companion dog.
Dalmatian
Dalmatians in 1912 don’t look too different from the Dalmatians of today. This can be attributed to very few changes through the last century. What has changed is their function and why they’re bred for a specific task in life.
Initially, these dogs were bred for hunting deer because of their speed. Today, this breed still has strong instincts as a hunter but is more likely to work as police dogs or firefighters.
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